Algostream_pairs.AdfAugmented Dickey-Fuller unit-root test.
Regression: Δy_t = α + ρ y_{t-1} + Σ_{i=1..lag} γ_i Δy_{t-i} (+ β t) + ε_t. The test statistic is the t-ratio on ρ; under the null ρ = 0 (random walk) it follows a non-standard distribution with critical values from MacKinnon (1996). p-values are coarse interpolations between the embedded 1%/5%/10% anchors — see Mackinnon_cv.
Run the ADF regression on series. Default variant = With_constant, lag = 1.
Schwert's rule: floor(12 · (n/100)^0.25), capped at 4 to keep p ≤ 5 for Ols.solve.
val empty_result : result